Constant Contact

$20.00 monthly

77 reviews

constantcontact.com

Constant Contact, the leading email marketing software, enables you to create impactful email and online marketing campaigns that align with your business objectives. Start your free trial today.

#2 inEmail Autoresponders

SSL secured by GlobalSign nv-sa

Published in Impact Radius network

Visual snapshot taken from the Constant Contact site

How to shop and pay safely?

Visit the site

Affgadgets Guarantee

Reviews & Testimonials

77 Constant Contact Reviews

Thomas Long

February 7

Constant Contact enables us to maintain communication with our valued clients, ensuring they are informed of important information and upcoming events.

Cleora

February 6

Constant Contact is an easy-to-use platform that is particularly beneficial for teams working remotely. Its user-friendly interface and effective tools facilitate communication and collaboration, making it an excellent choice for distributed staff. Overall, I highly recommend this product for those in need of reliable email marketing solutions.

Angelic

February 2

Constant Contact is incredibly convenient to use, integrating seamlessly with a variety of operations, social media platforms, and websites. It offers excellent flexibility and simplifies list management, making it a valuable tool for businesses looking to enhance their marketing efforts.

Adolph

January 31

Constant Contact is incredibly simple to use right out of the box, offering excellent deliverability.

This tool is ideal for those who do not require a sophisticated email solution.

Overall, it meets basic needs effectively.

Guadalupe Sanchez

January 31

Constant Contact is an exceptionally easy-to-use platform for small businesses.

The intuitive interface allows users to manage their email marketing campaigns efficiently, making it accessible even for those with limited technical skills.

The variety of customizable templates and automation features enable users to engage their audience effectively.

Overall, I highly recommend Constant Contact for any small business looking to enhance its online presence.

Sherman Pratt

January 30

Constant Contact is quite user-friendly and provides excellent support. I find it easy to navigate and the customer service team is always ready to assist with any inquiries. Overall, it has been a positive experience for managing email campaigns.

Marie

January 30

Constant Contact allows us to create distinct email lists tailored for specific customer types. We can easily select multiple lists, ensuring that our clients do not receive duplicate emails from us. This functionality gives us confidence in our communication strategy and enhances our customer engagement. Overall, it's a reliable tool for effective email marketing.

Phillip Brown

January 30

Constant Contact is quite easy to use and features a notably smooth interface. The design is very appealing, and I appreciate the clear labeling of all tabs, making navigation intuitive. Overall, this platform is user-friendly and efficient.

Breana

December 14

I appreciate the versatility of Constant Contact as a marketing tool that can be utilized in various work settings, from small local businesses to large corporations. It effectively caters to a wide range of users, making it a valuable asset for any marketing strategy.

Tambra

December 14

We utilize Constant Contact as one of several mediums for communicating with our members.

We find it to be an efficient method for conveying useful information, promoting events, and encouraging membership renewal.

Overall, Constant Contact has significantly improved our communication strategies.

Thomas Bell

December 12

Constant Contact is incredibly easy to use and efficient. I was pleasantly surprised by how user-friendly it is. Overall, it is the best email marketing tool I have encountered.

Brendan

November 30

Promoting event registrations while showcasing thought leadership is essential for engaging audiences effectively. Constant Contact provides the tools necessary to streamline this process and enhance communication. The platform's user-friendly interface and robust features make it a valuable asset for anyone looking to elevate their marketing efforts.

Chad Wagner

November 22

I appreciate the ease of use with the updated mail templates. The feature that prompts you to define the purpose of the email before creating it is particularly helpful. It streamlines the process and ensures that your message is clear and targeted.

Sarah Ramirez

November 16

Connecting through the network is seamless, making it easy to create opportunities and segment client groups effectively.

Dale Parker

November 2

The new design themes are updated frequently, making it easy to keep things fresh.

Constant Contact is a user-friendly product that I would confidently recommend to numerous customers and businesses.

Maximo

November 1

Constant Contact is an excellent tool for maintaining communication with both current and potential customers. It effectively keeps them informed about recent developments and updates. Overall, it has proven to be a valuable resource for enhancing customer engagement.

Judy Reid

October 25

Constant Contact has proven to be a valuable tool for converting leads into clients.

Email marketing, without a doubt, is an effective way to communicate your message effectively. With its user-friendly interface and robust features, Constant Contact streamlines the process, making it accessible for businesses of all sizes.

I highly recommend it for anyone looking to enhance their marketing strategies.

Coral

October 4

The customer support service for Constant Contact is truly exceptional when it comes to formatting assistance. Their responsiveness and knowledge have been invaluable in navigating the various features of the platform. I highly recommend their support team for anyone seeking help with their formatting needs.

Octavio Glynn

October 4

Customer support is simply exceptional. Everyone I speak to is patient and knowledgeable. I appreciate their assistance and expertise in addressing my concerns.

Tawna

August 8

I utilize Constant Contact for event invitations, employee newsletters, and reminders. The platform's listings are well-organized, allowing me to categorize and transform a previous email list into a new one efficiently.

One advantage I have discovered is the analytics feature. It helps me understand how many consumers engaged with our company's holiday card this year compared to last year.

Overall, Constant Contact offers valuable tools for managing communication effectively.

Chantay

August 5

Constant Contact has been a tremendous asset to the school where I am employed. It is remarkably quick to set up and use. The various templates make it enjoyable to engage with the platform, allowing me to be creative and utilize themes that I believe will attract both students and parents to read through the entire message or newsletter.

It is highly beneficial to design and compose my messages, and I appreciate the ability to send them promptly or schedule them for future distribution. This feature is especially useful when I am on vacation, ensuring that my communications are sent out consistently and my responsibilities are managed effectively.

The social media integration is also a significant advantage. After finalizing my email design and content, I can seamlessly share the same information on our Facebook page and select the optimal days and times for it to be posted. I am confident that this feature expands our reach and enhances the potential for student enrollment.

As I work at a small school, the value and benefits of Constant Contact have been outstanding.

Thomas

August 2

In addition to sending out monthly newsletters, Constant Contact effectively manages communication for donation campaigns, fundraiser invitations, and event announcements.

We have a relatively small database of contacts, and Constant Contact has administered our outreach very well. The platform's user-friendly interface and features make it easy to stay connected with our audience.

Overall, I am satisfied with the services provided.

Janet Moore

July 29

Constant Contact is exceptionally user-friendly. The customization process is quick and straightforward, allowing for easy branding of emails. The tracking and reporting features are outstanding! I couldn't ask for anything more.

Lindsay Lambert

July 7

Constant Contact has significantly enhanced our nonprofit's communication strategies. This service enables us to engage more effectively with our members, not only through email but also via social media platforms. We appreciate the comprehensive tools it offers to streamline our outreach efforts, making it easier to connect with our audience. Overall, it has proved to be a valuable asset for our organization.

Myesha

June 28

Constant Contact enables users to set up emails quickly and efficiently, which helps us communicate better with our audience. It streamlines the process and enhances our outreach efforts.

Robert

June 28

Constant Contact is exceptionally easy to use in a nonprofit setting. It is frequently utilized for regular newsletters and urgent communications, making it an excellent tool for enhancing your brand's visibility.

The platform offers a variety of formats and designs, or you can create your own to suit your specific needs. Whether you are communicating with your congregation or your supporters, Constant Contact provides the resources necessary to strengthen your outreach efforts.

Cordelia

June 14

The ability to organize contacts using checklists and tags is an excellent feature of Constant Contact. This functionality allows for efficient management and segmentation of contacts, making it easier to target specific groups for marketing campaigns.

Overall, this capability enhances the user experience by providing a streamlined approach to contact organization.

Philip

June 8

We recently began using Constant Contact and are preparing to launch our first project with our existing contacts.

So far, it has proven to be quite user-friendly and integrates well with our accounting software, mailing lists, and third-party applications, making it even more valuable.

We look forward to exploring its features further as we continue to develop our projects.

Desmond

June 7

I used Constant Contact to send emails to large lists of customers for an advertising campaign. Constant Contact made it easy to keep over 200 contacts organized.

I appreciated being able to monitor open rates, manage distributions, and handle opt-outs effectively.

Dina

June 7

Constant Contact elevates client communication to a new level. Sending email blasts using coupons or newsletters is incredibly straightforward. The platform provides clear analytics, showing exactly how many recipients clicked or opened the emails. This feature enables you to optimize your content and understand what resonates best with your audience. Overall, Constant Contact is an excellent tool for businesses looking to enhance their marketing efforts.

Magda Poindexter

June 6

Constant Contact effectively addresses the needs of customers seeking enhanced communication in their lives. Supporters often find themselves wondering when they will receive more of the exceptional content from quality sources in their inboxes.

Thanks to this service, we are able to deliver valuable content to our customers, making their experiences much more rewarding.

We appreciate the positive impact Constant Contact has on our communications.

Chantelle

June 6

After several attempts to use the service, my emails no longer bounced back or ended up in the junk filter after I contacted customer support for assistance. I found their customer care team to be extremely helpful. Please do not hesitate to reach out to them if you encounter any issues while using this service.

Kathryn Nelson

June 2

Constant Contact effectively prevents kickbacks when sending emails to large groups. The platform ensures that your messages reach the intended recipients without unnecessary delays. Its user-friendly interface makes managing extensive mailing lists simple and efficient. Overall, Constant Contact is a reliable choice for those looking to streamline their email marketing efforts.

Tim

May 31

Constant Contact is an exceptional tool for sending out professional-looking emails without the need to hire a designer. Its user-friendly interface and customizable templates make it accessible for anyone, regardless of their design skills. Overall, it's a highly effective solution for managing email marketing campaigns efficiently.

Cornelia

May 27

Constant Contact effectively addresses slower periods through maintenance agreements. This strategy ensures consistent service and reliability, enhancing user experience. Overall, I appreciate the proactive approach to maintaining service quality.

Martha Jackson

May 26

The ease of use is exceptional. It is tremendous for creating event invitations, tracking attendees, and managing email blasts. Additionally, the client service is outstanding!

Felix Waters

May 23

Constant Contact allows you to customize your email marketing campaigns, making them visually appealing. The quick Excel uploads facilitate the management of large recipient lists, ensuring an efficient sending process. Overall, it offers a user-friendly experience for creating professional e-blasts.

Elenore

May 12

We utilize this product to assist clients with limited budgets in email marketing, helping them reach their audience effectively.

Damon Parker

January 27

Constant Contact has been an invaluable tool for promoting the online workshops I teach. What I appreciate the most is how straightforward and user-friendly it is. I uploaded my subscriber list in just a few minutes. They provide a variety of free templates, and within an hour, I was able to send out my first newsletter.

Kyle Norris

December 14

The tool is extremely user-friendly and very easy to use, especially for beginners or novices. Additionally, the support provided is remarkably good.

Desire

October 14

Selection of templates and HTML layout features are excellent. The building process is intuitive and user-friendly, allowing for seamless customization. However, the overall user experience could be enhanced by providing more advanced features. It would be beneficial if they included additional integrations with other platforms to broaden usability. Overall, a solid option for email marketing, but there is room for improvement.

Melvin Stewart

September 15

I stay in touch with all my contacts at least once a month. It's truly incredible when I receive a message out of the blue from someone who is now ready to engage with my services. They often mention that they have been reviewing my emails and are now prepared to do business.

Overall, Constant Contact has been an essential tool for maintaining these connections. Its effectiveness in facilitating communication has significantly contributed to my professional outreach.

Clarence Dean

August 4

I recently started an aerial photography company, and I was struggling to get the word out. Email marketing was exactly what my business needed. Constant Contact has proven to be an invaluable tool in connecting with my audience and promoting my services effectively. The user-friendly interface and customizable templates have made it easy for me to design engaging campaigns. I highly recommend Constant Contact for anyone looking to enhance their email marketing efforts.

Christal

July 31

Constant Contact offers a clean and user-friendly layout that makes it easy to navigate and find essential features. The platform is straightforward to utilize, which enhances the overall user experience.

Darrell Carroll

July 22

Constant Contact has significantly improved my organizational skills, making it enjoyable to create and utilize on a regular basis. The platform's user-friendly interface allows for seamless campaign management, and I appreciate the variety of templates available. Overall, it's been a great experience, and I look forward to continuing to use it for my marketing needs.

Rosemarie Rodriguez

July 17

Constant Contact provides an excellent solution for consumers with limited time, resources, budget, or HTML skills. I utilize the survey and event management tools because they are incredibly user-friendly for my team.

There is an extensive selection of customizable templates that save a significant amount of time and inspire creativity.

Overall, Constant Contact has really streamlined our processes and enhanced our productivity.

Beverlee

July 14

Constant Contact enables users to track email statistics, including metrics such as open rates and demographics. This information has proven to be extremely valuable, allowing for better insights into audience engagement and behavior. Overall, I appreciate the functionality of this tool.

Roger Barnes

July 14

I appreciate the simplicity of Constant Contact. Once a template is created, it becomes straightforward to update content and upload new images.

I also value the extensive information available for tracking purposes. This feature significantly enhances my ability to assess the effectiveness of my campaigns.

Overall, Constant Contact offers a user-friendly experience that caters to both basic and advanced users.

Elfreda

June 24

With Constant Contact, you can efficiently import your listings and quickly send out emails using the intuitive mail creator. This seamless process ensures that your communication with your audience is both timely and effective.

Julia Sanchez

June 11

I recently gained experience using Constant Contact for a fundraiser where I needed to send out promotional information.

I found the platform to be fast and easy to use, which significantly enhanced my efficiency.

The interface was professional and exceptionally well-organized, making the entire process straightforward.

I would highly recommend Constant Contact for anyone looking to streamline their marketing efforts.

Tressie

May 22

Constant Contact stands out primarily due to its exceptional customer support team.

As someone who started as a novice in email marketing, I have gained significant confidence with every interaction, whether online or over the phone. The assistance with basic templates and the valuable webinars focused on techniques and best practices have been instrumental.

I am now able to design and execute email campaigns quickly and effectively. Furthermore, I can utilize metrics to demonstrate our success to both my management and the clients I support within my organization.

Overall, I highly recommend Constant Contact for anyone looking to enhance their email marketing strategy.

Brain

May 20

Constant Contact effectively facilitates internal communication through a dedicated network of volunteers.

Their platform has enabled us to connect with these volunteers in a professional and efficient manner.

Moreover, Constant Contact provides insights into the materials that engage their volunteers the most.

This valuable information allows us to collaborate more effectively and improve our overall engagement strategy.

Dianna

May 15

Constant Contact allows us to effectively send regular email newsletters to our supporters and donors in the non-profit sector. This complements our Facebook page, which plays a vital role in building relationships with our supporters.

The newsletter is designed to be attractive, professional, and engaging, making it easy for us to connect with our audience. Overall, Constant Contact has proven to be a valuable tool for our communication needs.

Brooke

March 7

It is beneficial to have the ability to streamline access to your stored contacts.

Christopher Rogers

January 7

The product provides everything you need for effective advertising automation.

Ben

September 21

I have used Constant Contact for several volunteer projects, and it has proven to be an excellent tool for low-budget organizations. Its features are user-friendly and effective, making it easy to manage communications and engage with our audience. I highly recommend it for any organization looking to enhance their outreach efforts.

Elicia

May 21

I managed to keep a neighborhood of 2,000 families informed about the complexities of a soccer league in the Metro NY area. Given the diverse family dynamics, their fast-paced schedules, and tendency for short attention spans, I consistently achieved an open rate of approximately 75-80%. This level of engagement is truly impressive!

Bennett

April 29

You will utilize cascading style sheets, designer mode, or XHTML to create your advertising and marketing materials. There are definitely hundreds of themes to choose from, along with adequate technical support and an intuitive user interface.

Traci

April 21

Constant Contact is an effective solution for managing email communications for our nonprofit organization.

The implementation process is straightforward, allowing us to quickly adapt to the cyclical nature of our board activities.

Over time, we have learned to manage team preferences effectively, ensuring consistency in our messaging.

Additionally, the reporting features are impressive, providing valuable insights into our email performance.

Overall, we are satisfied with the service and would recommend it to other organizations looking for a reliable email marketing platform.

Rebecca Patterson

April 3

Constant Contact is an excellent tool for maintaining professional communication with other businesses. It offers a user-friendly interface, making it easy to stay in touch. I highly recommend it for anyone looking to enhance their business communications.

Ralph Sparks

March 6

The highlight of my experience with Constant Contact has been the exceptional quality of the system that has been developed.

Everything functions seamlessly so far, which is a testament to the considerable time and effort dedicated by a highly skilled team.

I am truly impressed by the overall performance and reliability of this platform.

Tara Kim

February 28

"Open rates are crucial for understanding the effectiveness of your email campaigns. Constant Contact provides reliable data that allows you to track and analyze these metrics effectively."

Hong

January 23

What I appreciate about Constant Contact is its ability to seamlessly import and export call databases with other popular call monitoring applications. This feature enhances flexibility and efficiency, making it easier to manage communications effectively. Overall, it provides a reliable solution for those looking to streamline their call management processes.

Maria

January 20

We send weekly emails updating various consumers on their business activities.

Cathey

December 4

I am trying to connect with as many leads as possible while effectively delivering our advertising and marketing messages.

Mui

December 3

Constant Contact is a well-known brand that has developed a product designed to be user-friendly for all levels of email marketers. Its intuitive interface makes it easy for both beginners and experienced users to navigate and utilize effectively. The range of features available enhances the overall experience, allowing for effective communication and marketing efforts.

Benito

November 30

I previously used Constant Contact before switching to a marketing automation platform. It served its purpose well for outbound email marketing.

If we did not need project management and comprehensive analytics, it would be an exceptional platform that allowed us to reach out to clients effectively through marketing and other communications.

Overall, it is a solid choice for email marketing needs.

Dave

November 19

I transitioned from using Mailchimp, and I initially had reservations about whether Constant Contact would offer the same level of ease of use. However, I have been pleasantly surprised by its user-friendly interface and efficient features. It has simplified my email marketing efforts significantly.

Kendrick

August 5

I have used Constant Contact for several email marketing campaigns. Having never used an email marketing tool before, I was provided with the user guide by our IT manager, and within 30 minutes, I had sent out my first campaign.

The interface is intuitive, making it easy for beginners to navigate. The available templates are versatile and visually appealing, which helped me create professional emails quickly.

Overall, I am impressed with how user-friendly Constant Contact is, and I look forward to utilizing it for future projects.

Celestine

July 12

Constant Contact offers a range of outstanding themes that make it easy to send updated information to your club or association. In addition to providing non-profits with a discount, it ensures that there is no drop in effectiveness as club officers change. This flexibility is invaluable for maintaining communication within our organization. Overall, Constant Contact has proven to be a reliable solution for our needs.

Tonita

June 21

I have been using Constant Contact since 2011. They have a strict policy regarding their terms of service and provide excellent customer support.

I encountered several issues when getting started, but I utilized their online chat feature, and all my concerns were resolved quickly.

Overall, I appreciate their commitment to service and the responsiveness of their team.

Sammy Estrada

May 1

The tool is remarkably intuitive and effectively guides users through the process of implementing professional email marketing campaigns. It's easy to navigate, making it accessible for both beginners and experienced users. Overall, Constant Contact is a valuable resource for anyone looking to enhance their email marketing strategy.

Terry Montgomery

April 25

Constant Contact is an exceptional tool for managing your contacts, especially if you do not have an extensive list to handle. It works particularly well if you primarily use it for subscription and unsubscription processes. Overall, it is an invaluable resource for managing your email marketing needs!

Jaime Holt

December 31

I previously used Constant Contact as a contractor for an agency several years ago and recently revisited it for consideration in a couple of projects.

I find it easy to set up an account and get a project running in a short amount of time, as long as I adhere to the guidelines.

Overall, I appreciate the user-friendly interface and efficiency of the platform, which makes it a solid choice for digital marketing needs.

Elvin Mancini

December 30

This product is specifically designed for professionals who are skilled in email marketing, rather than for beginners, despite what their advertising suggests.

Brittanie Smart

December 29

Flexibility with design themes combined with the ability to use custom HTML is a significant advantage.

Constant Contact allows users to tailor their emails and newsletters to fit their brand identity while offering a variety of templates to choose from.

This versatility enhances the overall user experience and ensures professional-looking communications.

I highly recommend this tool for anyone seeking to maintain a polished online presence.

Marion Medina

November 16

Constant Contact is a powerful email marketing tool with a steep learning curve. If you are not particularly tech-savvy, you may find it beneficial to consider alternative options.

Constant Contact Reviews

Based on 77 reviews

1 star reviews: 1%
2 star reviews: 3%
3 star reviews: 18%
4 star reviews: 30%
5 star reviews: 48%

Share your thoughts

If you've used this product, share your thoughts with other customers and help them by submitting a Constant Contact review.

Questions & Answers

Constant Contact Questions

No questions about Constant Contact yet-be the first to ask!

Have something on your mind?

Have a question?

If you have any questions about this product, feel free to ask! Whether it's about features, compatibility, or anything else.

Third party review

Constant Contact Review

Constant Contact: A Comprehensive Review

In the ever-evolving world of email marketing, Constant Contact stands out as a robust and user-friendly platform. Known for its ease of use and wide array of features, Constant Contact aims to simplify the often complex task of managing email marketing campaigns. This review highlights the key features, benefits, and limitations of the platform, providing a balanced perspective for potential users.

One of the standout features of Constant Contact is its intuitive drag-and-drop email editor. This tool allows users to craft professional-looking emails without needing any design expertise. The platform offers a variety of customizable templates, catering to diverse business needs, from retail newsletters to event invitations. Coupled with image and text editing tools, it empowers users to communicate their brand effectively.

Another significant advantage of Constant Contact is its robust list management capabilities. Users can effortlessly upload contact lists, segment audiences, and manage unsubscribes. This ensures targeted and effective communication with different customer segments. The contact management system is integrated with tools like Shopify and QuickBooks, enhancing overall business productivity.

Constant Contact also excels in providing comprehensive analytics. Users can track open rates, click-through rates, and engagement metrics to gauge campaign performance. Additionally, the platform offers A/B testing to optimize subject lines and improve overall effectiveness. These insights are crucial for businesses aiming to refine their marketing strategies.

A notable benefit of Constant Contact is the customer support. The platform provides 24/7 live support, a valuable resource for users facing technical challenges. Educational webinars and tutorials are also available, helping users leverage all features effectively.

Despite its strengths, there are some limitations to be aware of. The pricing model is subscription-based, with costs increasing based on the number of contacts. This may not be ideal for very small businesses or startups with limited budgets. Additionally, while the automation features are adequate for basic needs, they may not be as advanced as those provided by some competitors.

In conclusion, Constant Contact is a solid choice for businesses seeking a reliable and user-friendly email marketing solution. Its strength lies in its ease of use, extensive template library, and comprehensive analytics. While the cost may be a consideration for smaller companies, the value provided through its features and support makes it a worthy investment for many businesses.

Visit the website

Contacts summary

Constant Contact Contacts

Links: Homepageconstantcontact...
Visit
X.comtwitter.com/int...
Visit
Facebookfacebook.com/co...
Visit
Pinterestpinterest.com/c...
Visit
Pages: RSSconstantcontact...
Visit
Affiliate Program
Visit

Constant Contact Alternatives

Klenty

6 reviews

$25.00 monthly

SendinBlue

11 reviews

$7.37 monthly

Aweber

77 reviews

$19.00 monthly

Benchmark Email

14 reviews

$9.95 monthly

MassMailSoftware

0 reviews

$250.00

Moosend

15 reviews

$10.00 monthly

GetResponse

107 reviews

$15.00 monthly

EmailOctopus

5 reviews

$19.00 monthly

General Data

Constant Contact Information

Category: Email Autoresponders
Network: Impact Radius
SSL Provider: GlobalSign nv-sa
Languages: English
Product Type: Service

Price

$20.00 monthly

verified

Network name: Impact Radius

Secure payment

Consultation available

Visit Constant Contact →

Constant Contact Features

Explore Constant Contact features below, and see why users search for Constant Contact reviews before making their decision.

Smart Segmentation Insights: Constant Contact offers enhanced segmentation insights that allow users to identify audience groups based on engagement and behavior patterns. This aids in targeted marketing.
Visual Content Planning Tool: Constant Contact introduces a visual content planning tool that helps users organize and schedule their marketing campaigns. This feature enhances
workflow efficiency and creativity.
Interactive Email Preview Tool: Constant Contact presents an interactive email preview tool that allows users to see how their designs will display on different devices.
This ensures optimal visual appeal across platforms.
AI-Powered Template Suggestions: Constant Contact features AI-driven template suggestions that analyze past campaign performance. This allows users to select designs that maximize engagement.
Automated Audience Analysis: Constant Contact introduces an automated audience analysis feature that evaluates user demographics and campaign response metrics.
This allows marketers to refine their strategies.
Interactive A/B Testing Dashboard: Constant Contact offers an interactive A/B testing dashboard that allows users to compare multiple versions of their emails. This facilitates data-driven adjustments.